Language Arts

The National Standards for English Language Arts were established through a project of the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) and the International Reading Association (IRA) in 1996.

The Lower School embraces these standards, which include the acquisition, understanding, and use of language in the following areas:

Reading

Reading is taught through a system based in phonemic awareness. Students focus on phonics, comprehension, vocabulary development and meaning systems that include predicting what may happen based on prior knowledge, picture clues, shared reading experiences, literature read aloud everyday, individually selected books for independent reading, and reading for information. In the intermediate forms, reading is a means for gaining information, thinking critically, and experiencing pleasure through literature. Experiences in literature circles provide students with opportunities to discuss books in-depth and with purpose.

Writing

Writing begins with invented spellings, patterns discovered in literature, writing for many purposes, and writing to understand and to extend experiences.

Each day the girls have the opportunity to engage in the writing workshop approach, which includes brainstorming ideas, creating a rough draft, editing the draft with the help of peers and teachers, and finalizing the piece. This process is used with all types of writing. Personal journal writing gives the girls practice in expressing themselves. Our Word Study Program (Forms I-V) builds knowledge of spelling through understanding of sounds, syllables, patterns, and parts of speech. It begins with sounds in Form I and ends with word derivations in Form V.

 

Listening

Listening skills develop through opportunities to hear guest speakers, literature, media, and each other. Learning to listen to directions is a primary skill.

Speaking

Speaking opportunities occur daily during discussions, presentations, reports, questions, and performances.

Viewing

Viewing provides a means to collecting and understanding information through media, illustrations, charts, graphs, and the arts. Media literacy is addressed in a critical study of propaganda techniques and the influence of print media.

Visually Representing

Visually Representing extends language into the areas of illustration, data organization, and technology.

Language

Language skills are used within the context of grade level integrated studies and are highly valued by the literacy community that is created in each classroom.

 FORM I

  • Writing: sentence structure, character development, plot, setting, resolution
  • Reading: sentence structure, meaning and phonetic cues, basic punctuation, retelling, summarizing, making connections to self, text, world, decoding strategies
  • Spelling
  • Handwriting: D’Nealian printing manuscript
Lower School